What does the term “head-on situation” indicate under the Rules?

The term "head-on situation" refers to a scenario where two vessels are on a collision course, approaching each other directly, with the potential for a collision if neither vessel takes action. Under the Rules of the Road, specifically the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), it is established that in such situations, both vessels should take reciprocal action to avoid a collision.

The appropriate maneuver is for both vessels to alter their course to starboard. This ensures that they can pass each other safely on their respective port sides. By moving to starboard, each vessel maximizes the distance between them and reduces the risk of a collision, adhering to the rules designed to promote safety at sea.

The other options do not align with the guidelines set for head-on situations. Keeping a vessel's course and speed would only contribute to a higher risk of collision. Stopping immediately doesn’t provide a practical solution for avoiding a collision in all scenarios. Similarly, the idea that only the larger vessel should change its course disregards the principle of both vessels taking action to avert danger. This mutual adjustment is key to resolving a head-on situation effectively.